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- China’s Xi gave Iran’s Pezeshkian a brief, low-profile audience at the SCO summit, as Beijing seeks to avoid appearing close to Tehran ahead of a high-stakes summit with Trump.
- The bloc’s leaders condemned the military strikes on Iran, while backing member states’ right to civilian nuclear development.
KAZAN, RUSSIA – OCTOBER 23: President of China Xi Jinping meets with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian (not seen) within the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia on October 23, 2024. Iranian Presidency | Anadolu | Getty Images
China’s President Xi Jinping gave his Iranian counterpart Masoud Pezeshkian a brief, low-profile audience at a regional security summit, signaling Beijing’s calibrated approach toward Tehran just weeks ahead of Xi’s planned trip to Washington.
The two leaders met for several minutes on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Kyrgyzstan on Tuesday, according to Iranian state media. The gathering brought together leaders of the 10-member bloc, including Russian President Vladimir Putin and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
The semi-official Mehr News Agency said that the Xi-Pezeshkian meeting focused on “bilateral ties in line with strengthening relations between Tehran and Beijing,” without offering further detail.
That contrasted with Beijing’s approach of keeping the meeting out of public view.
Chinese state media, including the Communist Party’s flagship newspaper, People’s Daily, gave extensive coverage to Xi’s encounters with other visiting leaders on Tuesday, but made no mention of the meeting with Pezeshkian. Modi, by contrast, published photos of his meeting with the Iranian leader.
“Xi is keeping Iran at arm’s length publicly while still maintaining contact privately,” said Han Shen Lin, managing director for Greater China at the Asia Group, a Washington-based strategic-advisory firm.
The SCO leaders in a joint statement condemned the military strikes on Iran, while backing member states’ right to civilian nuclear development under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The statement stopped short of committing members to any concrete military or economic support.
The absence of Xi-Pezeshkian coverage from the state newspaper’s front page reinforces the view that Beijing is “carefully managing optics,” Lin said. China is seeking to preserve its strategic relationship with Tehran without signaling that it is siding with the country, he said, particularly ahead of Xi’s planned meeting with President Trump later this month.
China has been the largest buyer of Iran’s sanctioned oil exports, but those flows through the Strait of Hormuz have fallen sharply since the war began, as Beijing slashed imports, tapping into its massive reserves.
The Chinese embassy in Singapore did not respond to request for comment.
It remains uncertain whether Beijing will give the relationship a higher public profile once Xi’s Washington visit is behind him.
Underlying the muted treatment may be a more pointed frustration, said Alfredo Montufar-Helu, Beijing-based managing director at Ankura China Advisors.
Beijing has been consistent in what it wants from Tehran: an end to the conflict and the Strait of Hormuz reopened — while Iran’s leadership has largely moved in the opposite direction, Montufar-Helu said. “This is Beijing signaling some real dissatisfaction with Tehran.”
Still, Alfredo cautioned against reading too much into the cooler public posture, saying that the fact that Xi had even an informal conversation on the sidelines shows Beijing is keeping the door open.
Calibrated approach
The caution over Iran comes after Beijing found itself the implicit target of a broader push at the Group of 20 finance ministers’ meeting in Asheville, N.C., on Monday, where Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent pressed other members to confront what Washington calls China’s manufacturing overcapacity and trade surplus.
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Bessent didn’t name China directly, but said finance ministers had “broadly concurred” on the need to address such imbalances.
China’s exports swelled its trade surplus to a record $1.2 trillion last year, a gap that has drawn the ire of Western governments for distorting global markets and has become a central irritant in U.S.-China relations.
China and U.S. are “maximizing leverage” ahead of Xi’s visit, said Dan Wang, China director at Eurasia Group, a political-risk consultancy. “The sideline meeting with Iran is a reminder of Beijing’s influence in the Iran war and across the Global South,” she said.
Wang said the Iran war will likely dominate the agenda at the upcoming Trump-Xi summit, and that any U.S. effort to expand secondary sanctions to Chinese banks or companies could provoke a firmer response from Beijing.
